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Saturday, October 28, 2023

Cruising the Nile with Napoleon

After touring the Temple of Luxor in the late afternoon, we returned to the ship with time to shower and change clothes for dinner.

Our comfortable, nicely adorned stateroom had a large shower relative to most cruise ships.  Another nice feature was a French Balcony, the first we've ever had on a river cruise.  On the next few hot afternoons, we could sit in the air conditioning and enjoy the scenery along the banks of the Nile through the large windows, occasionally opening to feel the warm breeze.

When we went down to dinner, I was disappointed that as with lunch, dinner was a buffet.  On our cruise through France the prior year on Viking, sumptuous dinners with fine local wines served course by course had been highpoints each day.  This cruise did not include wine and beer with lunch, like most river cruise ships that cater to Americans.

Alas, this was not a Viking Cruise, and the sooner I focused on what it was rather than what it wasn't, the sooner I would be able to enjoy our shipboard experience to the fullest as what it was instead of what it was not.  As a Cruise Planner, however, I must notice differences to share with clients who want to make informed decisions.

Anyway, as a general rule, I personally prefer a more formal approach for dinner than rushing to stand in queue in a horseshoe shaped line to glop out servings of dishes on a plate that ends up looking like a Dali painting gone awry rather than an appetizing meal. 


Nonetheless, many individual dishes were quite good, utilizing that vast array of spices found in Mediterranean countries.  Each night, a chef sliced roasted beef or some poultry as a featured main course, with an alternative meat also available at that carving station. There were plenty of vegetarian dishes, including East Indian fare which have become quite prevalent on cruise ships.

Several delicious dishes were marked as Egyptian, and I gave special attention to those, finding them always delicious.

After that first night, I decided to do my own meal by courses, going first for some cheese and soup as starters to accompany my wine.

While the delay in going through the buffet line often left the dishes somewhat picked over by the ravenous horde, occasionally I was fortunate and a new dish arrived just as I was ready to serve myself, as happened one evening with a delicious fish in an Egyptian sauce.

As with my first impression of the dining experience, the lobby of our ship and carpets seemed rather rundown in comparison to European river cruise ships.  

We also had some maintenance issues in what otherwise were nice staterooms.  First, our stateroom door would not close without slamming it.

Laszlo's room next door had the opposite problem.  He would lay down for a nap and the door would open on its own, resulting in him being quite surprised when he awakened to see me standing at the foot of his bed talking to him on one occasion.

Later, we realized that our French balcony sliding glass doors would not close entirely.  This particularly concerned Julie after she saw how little boats could tie onto the side of our boat and possibly even scale the walls like pirates, though we never saw any climbers. 


To their credit, maintenance personnel did come out right away to address these issues, though the French balcony doors were never perfect.  This wouldn't happen on a ..... STOP IT, WES!

You get the point, it was a ship that had flaws compared to a newer ship like those we've become accustomed to. 

The sun deck, on the other hand, featured a relatively large (by river cruise standards) swimming pool and very large covered bar with tables and chairs.

Because it was usually 100 degrees in the afternoon, even cruising down the river, we enjoyed that area most for morning coffee and in the evenings among the nightlights of other boats.

A belly dancer was scheduled to perform in the large lounge a deck below the sun deck on that first night.  I staked out good seats on a couch up front while Julie and Laszlo went to find a pharmacy in town.

When they never showed up, others sat down, eventually filling my couch and all of the adjacent chairs.

I was a bit confused by the first "belly dancer," who was obviously a man.  It was only after returning home that I figured out that he was doing a dance called the Whirling Dervish.

I had heard the term before, because my dad used to use it as a metaphor when someone came in with a flurry of activity.  In my mind as a child (and not corrected until I read about it), I pictured a Tasmanian Devil, not a religious dance.

At one point, the dancer turned on lights, so he was kind of like a one man disco ball as he spun around, making me question how authentic this regional "folk dance" could be.  Anyway, he was a good performer.

The belly dancer devoted most of her show to getting "volunteers" from the audience to learn to belly dance, beckoned without the necessity of English or any other words.

It was amusing in its own way, and those who participated seemed to have fun, usually laughing.

The dancers were backed by three talented musicians who sounded quite authentic playing the regional tunes.

The complete show lasted about thirty minutes.

Where were Julie and Laszlo?  They had gone to a pharmacy, which turned out to be a very funny story, but I have been asked to not share that in my blog, which I will respect.

Suffice it to say that they had an adventure that took longer than expected, including a stop at a spice store.


On another evening, we had an Egyptian Night, where guests put on their best Egyptian outfits, having been encouraged to buy clothes in local markets.

It was a festive occasion with most in attendance dressing appropriately.  A highlight was an extended group dance, with lots joining in the conga line, or whatever it is actually called.  

The best entertainment we watched on the ship came in that same lounge a little later in the cruise.  Julie and I had decided to splurge for pre-dinner drinks from the historic bar, Julie having her usual white wine while I had an Egyptian beer, which put us in the right place at the right time.

We could hear some yelling outside the ship, and a guy at a nearby table said, "You have to see this."

Outside, two Egyptians in a small boat had tied up to the side of our ship, so we were pulling them along the Nile.  They were beckoning people on the pool deck above us to check out their beach towels and scarves which they would unfurl to display the beautiful patterns.  What had been indistinct noise turned out to be those guys yelling, "Lady. Lady..."

They were fantastic salesmen, rolling the towels back up to tuck them into plastic bags and then spiral them like footballs up four flights to the pool deck.  These were really impressive passes considering these QBs were throwing almost straight up from a bobbing boat.  An errant toss would have resulted in a splashdown.

Eventually, the bags of rejects would come back down, dropped in the boat from four decks above, but sometimes the bags included payment for towels purchased by a rich lady.  Talk about trust in the customer paying and not just keeping the wares.

These salesmen could not have boarded the ship to collect the money if the customers decided to just keep the towels, but it all worked out.  After they'd sold as many as possible to our ship's passengers, they motored off to find customers on other river cruise ships.

By the way, we were surprised by how many other river cruise ships were on the Nile.  I would have guessed there were maybe a dozen, including the big brands that cater to Americans like AmaWaterways, Uniworld and Viking, but there were lots of ships catering to other nationalities, with Europe and Middle East neighbors obviously much closer to the Nile than we are in the USA.

At night, we would see forty or fifty ships in each port.  They would be joined together side by side, forming a bridge through their lobbies to the pier as we have seen on the Danube, but not with this many side-by-side. 

Queues for locks often had several ships waiting, sometimes requiring ships to stop for hours, as happened to us one night.

While cruising between port stops, we sometimes used free time to sit by our large French balcony windows watching the Nile go by, occasionally reading, which gets to the reason for this post's title.

No, I didn't replace Julie or Laszlo with a French historical figure of note during the cruise.


When I downloaded the book from Amazon a few years ago, I was attracted to the rather an odd title.  I hadn't known enough about Napoleon's life to realize that as a very young general that he had indeed led a famous expedition to Egypt before he became the leader of France.

I never got around to reading it until this trip, which turned out to be the perfect time and place.

Napoleon often created his own opportunities.  While still in his twenties, the General came up with the idea to conquer Egypt, just as he had already gained fame by "liberating" Italy.  The conquest of Italy returned huge dividends, filling the French coffers with plundered treasures and earned Napoleon leeway in choosing future deployments.

Napoleon saw this foray into Egypt as a chance for personal glory.  The novel theorizes that he also wanted the chance to tap into the mystical powers rumored in long forgotten texts.  If he was drawn by the chance of immortality and being considered a god, he certainly would not have been the first.

A definite roadblock to his plan was the fact that Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire, one of the few allies of Revolutionary France, but even so, they were only allies because of the old adage that the enemy of my enemy is my friend, and the Ottomans had opposed the European kingdoms for centuries.

A loophole was that Egypt was under the local control of the Mamelukes, a fierce fighting horde who had become rather autonomous and beyond the control of the Ottomans.

Napoleon came up with the rationalization that France would be liberating Egypt from the Mamelukes on behalf of their ally.  The Mamelukes were a band of mercenaries made up of white slaves captured from Eastern Europe by the Ottoman Empire.  

The fact that Arabs had captured Europeans as slaves was not a surprise to me.  Nor was the fact that Arabs had started and been central to the African slave trade.

But learning that slaves from the Caucasus were banded together and abused into submission while being trained to be a vicious private army that served the Ottomans was a completely foreign concept to me before reading William Dietrich's novel.

Why would I believe anything from a novel to be true?

Well, it happens that early in the book, the fictional protagonist Ethan Gage is revealed to be a protege of Ben Franklin, whose life I studied for intellectual distraction during the pandemic.  The references to Franklin seemed accurate based on what I already knew.

The opening chapters of the novel were set in revolutionary France, which had drawn my attention on a Danube river cruise, prompting me to learn more in preparation for our Viking River Cruise through Provence.  I took a Wondrium course on The French Revolution and the Age of Napoleon.  Once again, the historical context presented by this fictional backdrop seemed on target.

So, by the time I actually read this novel, I was ready to understand the context.  As I read the book, I found we were traveling through many of the sites mentioned.  Of course, I double-checked some of the facts as we went along, checking them out on the internet and asking our guide Fawzy, who is an Egyptologist.

Having been on that French river cruise a year ago in conjunction with the novel, our experiences cruising the Rhone River kept coming to mind as a point of comparison to this Nile cruise, although as I have already said, we would all be well-advised to avoid making comparisons until after we return home, accepting each vacation as it unfolds in its own right.

Napoleon proved to be a great literary companion for this trip, and without him, we may not have been drawn to this vacation. 

Aswan's Dome of Abu Al-Hawa, home of Tombs of the Nobles

For his Egypt expedition in 1798, Napoleon assembled a team of about 160 "savants."  These savants were scholars in science, history, art and other intellectual disciplines to accompany tens of thousands of soldiers.  They uncovered many secrets, including the Rosetta Stone, which translated ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics into Greek.

Their curious inquiries resulted in many astonishing discoveries and stimulated European interest in Egypt, spurring an Egyptian fashion and decorating fad.  They gave birth to a new field of study, Egyptology.

Without Napoleon's insight to include those scholars, history might only remember his version of "shock and awe" with dates of battles.  The French square formations with well-trained soldiers firing accurate rifles and supported by distant big artillery overwhelmed the simitar and musket wielding Mamelukes.

Western civilization still might know little about ancient Egypt were it not for Napoleon's curious mind.

Lest it isn't obvious based on my petty complaints, we enjoyed our climate-controlled, comfortable Nile cruise, which nicely punctuated hot days touring remarkable sites.


























Tuesday, September 27, 2022

Roman Arles


In 123 BC, the Romans took control of this city we call Arles.  It was already an important Phoenician trading port on the Rhone and had been occupied by prior civilizations including Celts for hundreds of years.

The industrious Romans soon built a canal to the Mediterranean to make Arles a seaport competitive with wealthy Marseille.

When Rome's First Triumvirate of three generals that ruled Rome split up, Julius Caesar decided he should lead the Roman Republic instead of Pompey the Great, who had been the Senate's choice, battles ensued throughout the far-flung Republic, with different regions backing their preferred "candidates."  Marseille backed the politically designated ruler, Pompey, while Arles cast its lot with Julius.


According to our guide, Arles built thirty ships for Julius to attack Marseille.  When Julius emerged victorious against not only in Marseille but over Pompey and the third contender Crassus, he rewarded his allies and punished his opponents, as political leaders still do to this day.  He stripped great wealth from Marseille and lavished it upon Arles.

Arles was already a mini-version of Rome, with a theater and coliseum, both of which have been partially restored and are again used for their intended purposes of entertainment and athletic competition, respectively.


Built in 90 BC, the coliseum initially hosted events like chariot races and gladiator battles for 20,000 spectators.  When the Roman Empire tumbled in the fifth century AD, the "circuses" also fell to the wayside.  Lavish marble and other building materials from the coliseum would be repurposed after Roman rule ended, but at least the bottom two levels survived enough so that when Moors swept up from Northern Africa, they converted the coliseum into a fortress.


In the middle ages, a neighborhood developed behind its defensive walls.  Over the years, homes gradually deteriorated.  By the end of the 18th century, the coliseum had lost utility for housing.  In 1825, a writer proposed that it be converted into a national monument.  The houses inside were razed beginning in 1826.  


In 1830, a "race of bulls" was held in the partially restored arena to celebrate the French conquering of Algiers, which had previously been part of the Ottoman Empire.

Immigration to Algiers by French citizens and eventual repatriation of their ancestors and those who collaborated with them after Algiers revolted in 1960 and was recognized as independent by the United Nations added to the rich cultural bouillabaisse found in the south of France.

Even more so than Paella that we saw being cooked in Arles, bullfighting seems quintessentially associated with Spain and by extension Mexico, not France.  But Arènes d'Arles, as it is now known, hosts bullfights, some that result in killing the bull, a tradition there since the 19th Century.  



We didn't see a bullfight, but just the mention of it raised questions from some of our fellow travelers wondering about residents approving the barbarism of the sport, to which the guide made the observation that it is true that some people despise the tradition, but others, especially those with deep roots in Arles, cherish it.


The next day in Avignon, Julie and I walked through Musée Calvet where I snapped a photo of a 1927 painting by Auguste Chabaud, Les Arènes.  Around the perimeter is the top of the coliseum, which has an arched architectural design similar to a Roman aqueduct.

Close to Arles is another Roman engineering marvel, Pont du Gard, a towering three-tiered aqueduct and bridge that stands 164 feet tall.  It brought water 31 miles to the town of Nimes, with engineering so precise that it had a downslope of about an inch for every 5 football fields of length, making perfect water flow.  It's amazing to realize it was created in an age before computers and modern diesel powered construction equipment.

This is inside the coliseum, not the aqueduct.

It was such a wonder of the world in its day that tourists came from all over the Roman Empire to see it, but by 600 AD, Barbarians had destroyed its utility for furnishing water.  Fortunately, they recognized its value as a bridge and didn't knock it down.  We did not take a tour to Pont du Gard, because as Julie pointed out, we had seen a similarly impressive towering aqueduct in Segovia, Spain, on our last Mediterranean cruise.


Pont du Gard is built out of Shelly limestone bricks weighing up to six tons each, and they are so precisely cut that no mortar was needed for the structure to still be standing 2,000 years later.  It was designed with jutting rocks and crevices to allow reinforcement as needed over the centuries.  It would be worth seeing, but it is hard to see everything.  There is also a Cryptoporticus subterranean level tunnel of Roman ruins built to support the Roman forum back in the time of when gladiators fought in the coliseum.

Another signature sight...or should I say aroma?....of the region are blooming fields of lavender, which have their peak in the summer months.  The Romans cherished the smell of lavender so much that they would smear the flowers against the walls of their houses, serving the purpose of modern air fresheners.


Brochures of this cruise itinerary often showcase lavender fields, and if that is important to you, then you will want to come during prime summer vacation weeks.

Keep in mind that is when schools are on summer vacation and most Europeans take their 5 weeks of annual paid vacation, so it will be much more crowded than spring or fall.


Coming in prime vacation weeks also puts you in the midst of festival season, so there are throngs drawn for various events centered on music, theater, cinema, flamenco and more. If you love that excitement of crowds, you might want to rent a villa in Arles for the month of July...or take a similar river cruise in the summer to get a taste of it.

The fact is that a recurring theme when we travel is that there isn't time to do and see everything, but that's not a bad thing.  It's incentive to return.

Many in the group needed a restroom break by the time our tour reached a large plaza in front of Cathedral of Saint Trophime Arles.


I decided to run up the stairs to check out the interior of this Romanesque Cathedral constructed between the 12th and 15th Centuries.  It was very dark when I first entered, but as I moved toward the alter I saw many beautiful works of art.

I'm not sure if this church was spared the French Revolution destruction or it has been restored, but in any case it is beautiful, and I'm happy it survived.  It was built on  the site of a Fifth Century basilica. 

German King Frederick Barbarossa was crowned Holy Roman Emperor at the new Cathedral by the Archbishop of Arles in 1178.  The church leadership would eventually move to Avignon, which we would visit the next day.  Other historical figures played their parts on its stage, including Knights Hospitaler (aka Knights of Malta) and Knights Templar.


To enter the city, we passed through Porte de la Cavalerie, the old round towers that our guide called the Knights' Gate.  It is associated with the Knights Templar. 

While Viking starts or ends its Lyon and Provence cruise in Avignon, some other cruise lines have Arles as an endpoint, which would make it more convenient for returning in the afternoon after lunch or exploring for a few days pre- or post-cruise, possibly during lavender and festival season.

As for us, we would head back to Tarascon, where Viking Delling makes its port of call for Arles, and after a delicious lunch, we explored that village that has some interesting history, or at least legends, of its own.






























So many icons of the Second Estate were beheaded in the
French Revolution and never repaired, we were happy to see
that some survived in Arles.